Inhibidores de los SGLT2 en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2: protección renal y cardiovascular
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Diabetes mellitus tipo 2, inhibidores de SGLT2, protección renal, protección cardiovascular, hiperglicemiaResumen
La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es un trastorno metabólico asociado a un conjunto de complicaciones microvasculares y macrovasculares, entre las que destacan la enfermedad renal diabética y las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Durante los últimos años, se ha descrito como fármacos como los inhibidores de SGLT2 pueden combatir dichas complicaciones. Los mecanismos protectores renales y cardiovasculares de este grupo de drogas se basan, esencialmente, en sus propiedades diuréticas, antioxidantes, antiinflamatorias, inmunomoduladoras y antidiabéticas, las cuales son capaces de disminuir considerablemente el daño renal y los procesos patogénicos de diversas enfermedades cardiovasculares como la aterosclerosis, la insuficiencia cardíaca, la enfermedad arterial coronaria, entre otras. El objetivo del presente artículo de revisión es describir los mecanismos protectores renales y cardiovasculares de los inhibidores de SGLT2, así como exponer la evidencia clínica que soporte dichos efectos.
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